惠瑾(Jin):上海新东方学校口译研究中心成员，中级口译翻译明星教师。高级同声翻译。硕士全奖毕业于美国内布拉斯加大学并担任全职助教，授课风格清新自然，广受美国大学生好评。回国后毅然成为“东方人”。参与编著新东方《中高级口译考试词汇必备》及《中级口译全真模拟试卷》。惠瑾的博客http://blog.hjenglish.com/huijin/

9.13高口英翻中题目

In general, investment in the United States will be in the form of a subsidiary. It is possible for a non-U.S corporation to operate a branch office in the United States, but there are significant disadvantages to a branch, particularly with respect to its tax treatment.

Branches of non-U.S corporations are not subject to federal regulation or registration requirements. However, each state will require a “foreign” corporation to “qualify” before “doing business” in that state. A corporation will be considered “foreign” if it is organized under the laws of another country or another state, and so this is a requirement imposed only on non-U.S investors.

“Doing business” is a technical term that implies a substantial presence in the state. This would include the ownership of leasing of real property, the maintenance of a stock of goods for local sale, employee and the like. Selling products to local customers, either directly or through an independent sales representative or distributor, would not in itself constitute “doing business”.

The State actually exercise little control over the qualification process other than to ensure that the qualifying entity’s name is not confusingly similar to an already registered entity and that all registration fees and taxes are paid (qualification is basically a form of taxation). In most states, qualification for a non-U.S corporation consists of a relatively easy application, a registration fee, and a notarized of legalized copy of the corporation’s articles of incorporation (in English or a certified translation).

一般而言，外国公司都是以设立分公司的形式在美国进行投资。这种方式可行性强，但不足之处也相当明显，尤其是体现在所需缴纳的高额税款方面。

当某公司被视作为外国子公司时，可以免受美国联邦章程限制。但要想过关斩将享受到此番殊荣也并非易事，还需要满足相应条件，即必须遵守其所属国的规章制度，这也就是美国对外国子公司的定义。

在美国，正式办公是指公司开始营业，其标志一般是有办公区，货物储备以及工作人员等等。否则就未能达标。换句话说，无论是直接在本地售货，还是通过经销商或第三方代销都不算“办公”。

因为保护已纳税的公司的商标名也是美国政府应尽的义务之一，所以检验公司名称的过程较为繁复，必须确保没有重复或容易混淆的名字。除此以外，监管这些外国子公司是否合格的流程相当简单。在美国大多数州，只要递交相对简单的申请，缴纳更名费，再用英文（或官方翻译）对合法的公司章程进行公证就可完成。

来源：上海新东方口译研究中心

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