Spot dictation:

Today we will talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children. Children should be ____(1)____ a lot of television. Many experts and parents agree. But there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial, ___(2)___. A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children ___(3)___ immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers ___(4)___ during the procedure or children whose mothers were present but ___(5)___.

The research led by Carlo Brown MD at the University of Siena is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood. ___(6)___ the study. None received any type of anesthesia. The children and their mothers ___(7)___. Both the groups whose mothers attempted to distract them form the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported ___(8)___ than the group who watched the cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to ___(9)___.

One of the possible explanations is that children might have ___(10)___ during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. The higher pain level reported by children during ___(11)___ shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively ___(12)___ in their children's life, the authors write. However, they stressed that ___(13)___ still provided benefits, noting that the children would ___(14)___ during the procedures. Indeed, children state that having their parent present ___(15)___ when in pain, say the authors.

Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that ___(16)___ might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, ___(17)___ produced by the pituitary gland resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might ___(18)___. In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should ___(19)___ to watch TV during painful procedures ___(20)___.

answers：
（1） discouraged from watching
（2） muting pain
（3） who viewed cartoons
（4） attempted to distract them
（5） did not interact with them
（6） 69 children participated in
（7） determine their pain scores
（8） substantially higher pain ratings
（9） tolerate the pain they did experience
（10） picked up on their mothers anxiety
（11） mothers’ efforts at distraction
（12） at a difficult moment
（13） the mother’s presence
（14） appreciate not being left alone
（15） provides the most comfort
（16） the pleasure of watching TV
（17） biochemical compounds
（18） function as natural pain killers
（19） consider allowing children
（20） to minimize their distress

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